Published by Pure Health Primary Care on March 28, 2026

Not Sure What’s Going On?

Vaginal symptoms like itching, discharge, or odor are very common — but one of the biggest challenges patients face is knowing what they are actually dealing with.

Is it a yeast infection? Or is it bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

They can feel similar — but they are not the same, and they are treated differently.

Self-treating the wrong condition can delay recovery and make symptoms worse.

What Is a Yeast Infection?

A yeast infection is caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida.

It is not sexually transmitted and often occurs when the natural balance of vaginal flora is disrupted.

Common symptoms of a yeast infection include:

• Intense itching
• Thick, white “cottage cheese-like” discharge
• Redness and irritation
• Burning, especially during urination or intercourse

What Is Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?

BV occurs when there is an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina, leading to an overgrowth of certain bacteria.

It is not always classified as a sexually transmitted infection, but it is associated with sexual activity.

Common symptoms of BV include:

• Thin, gray or white discharge
• Strong “fishy” odor (especially after intercourse)
• Mild irritation or burning
• Sometimes no symptoms at all

Key Differences Between Yeast Infection and BV

• Itching: More common and intense with yeast infections
• Odor: Strong odor is more typical of BV
• Discharge: Thick and white (yeast) vs thin and gray (BV)
• Cause: Fungal (yeast) vs bacterial imbalance (BV)

These differences can help guide you — but they are not always enough to make a definitive diagnosis.

Why Many Patients Get It Wrong

It’s very common for patients to assume they have a yeast infection and use over-the-counter treatments.

However, if the condition is actually BV, these treatments will not work.

This can lead to:

• Persistent symptoms
• Recurrent infections
• Unnecessary frustration

Getting the correct diagnosis is key to effective treatment.

When to Seek Medical Care

• First-time symptoms
• Symptoms not improving with treatment
• Recurrent infections
• Unusual discharge or strong odor

A simple assessment and swab can quickly determine the cause and guide proper treatment.

How Pure Health Primary Care Can Help

At Pure Health Primary Care, we provide accurate diagnosis and evidence-based treatment for vaginal health concerns.

• Assessment of symptoms
• Appropriate testing (including swabs when needed)
• Targeted treatment based on diagnosis
• Guidance on preventing recurrence

Your symptoms are valid — and they deserve the right diagnosis and care.

Take the Next Step Toward Better Health

If you’re unsure whether you have a yeast infection or BV, getting assessed early can help you feel better faster and avoid unnecessary treatments.

Phone: 613-908-8999
Email: info@pureclinic.ca
Website: pureclinic.ca

This article was reviewed by Agnes Etaka, Nurse Practitioner at Pure Health Primary Care.

This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice or an individual clinical assessment.